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This lesson has been given by kekekekeke on 2005 December the 20th 9pm EST.
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Hey all, let installment 3 of the world renowned Japanese lessons begin. :P
As always, if you wish to voice your opinion during class you can raise your hand by sending 
me a private message. You can also talk amongst yourselves in #japaneselessonssidespeak 
while I do my little dance here for you. It’s a room I'm not allowed to join, so you can say 
whatever you want.

To let you know, it really is a good idea to do three things to stay up to date with the class:
	1. Come to class.
	2. Re-read the log of class when it’s finished up and edited.
	3. Do your homework and go beyond it to practice.

------------------------------------------------------------  [ Da / Desu ]  ------------------------------------------------------------

Last time, we left off  in the middle of the teaching about " da / desu ". I mentioned that it can either 
be informal "da" or formal "desu," the usage of it depends on the situation.  For instance, 
you would tend to be more polite in these situations:

If you are a(n)
		Employee speaking to a customer.
		Worker talking to your boss.
		Student speaking to teacher.
		Junior student in college / high school talking to a senior student. 

Informal speech is normally reserved for talking between friends/family, or people who are 
your "equals" in the social sense, or those who you are intimate with.  An interesting example 
would be with a porn star. :P  Even though this girl is being paid to have sex she will talk to her 
boss and maybe even the other actor in a polite/formal manner sometimes!  After she gets 
"intimate" with the actor during the scene, maybe that formality will stop. But maybe not.

I got a question about a social situation.  Let me discuss it.

   "Say you're a 7th grader and a 10th grader is being an ass to you, would you still use desu?"

Short answer is "no."          
Longer answer is "depends."  Do you want this kid to kick your ass?
I would keep using "desu" haha, but... I'm not sure high school students are formal anyway.
It probably wouldn't be an issue, but if you were always using "desu" with this person and then 
switched to "da," it would be noticeable and it would have an effect on the social structure.

It's an interesting thing that occurs in Japanese when people are balancing their social status.
You kind of start your conversation off formally then interject some informal words and phrases.  
Over time, you try to move to an informal state. But only when the other person is comfortable, 
which is difficult to know and could ruin the relationship or make it awkward if you move too soon.  
However, this would not be applicable to us foreigners who are able to bend these rules without 
repercussions. They make exceptions for us and don't expect us to follow the social structure. 
(However this does not mean we should not strive to learn and obey the social rules.)

If a 7th grader was being an ass to 10th grader, a reverse situation, the 10th grader is the "sempai" 
or "elder" and doesn't have to put up with the 7th grader or speak formally ever to him.

I just had a question about "senpai" or "sempai."  Which is correct, as you may hear both?
It's supposed to be "sempai" I believe, the n and m sound in Japanese get blurred sometimes, 
depending on the letter that follows (an "n" before a "p" sounds like "m"), but you can't type/write 
sempai in Japanese (because there is no solo "m"), so it's typed "sen'pai."  Well, we can discuss 
formality next week more or in the forum.

---------------------------------------------------  [ Negative Past Tense ]  ---------------------------------------------------

About "da / desu," I went through examples for the affirmative and negative present/future, and the 
affirmative past, but not the negative past.  :P   The negative past is:

	dewa arimasendeshita / ja arimasendeshita / dewa nakatta / ja nakatta

	kore dewa arimasendeshita
	it wasn't this

	kore ja nakatta
	it wasn't this

The first example is the formal one and the nakatta is the informal.
As a pattern, informal tends to be shorter than the formal forms.

Now I'll just do a summary of last weeks lesson real quick integrating the negative past.
Forms of "da / desu"

	student1: kore wa nan deshita ka?
		   what was this?

	student2: ah, sore wa isu deshita
		   oh, that was a chair (assume it's a broken pile of wood)

	student1: hontou ni?  isu deshita?      majide?        isu ja nakatta yo.
		   really?       it was a chair?   seriously?    It wasn't a chair man, I assure you.

	student2: souka, souka, isu ja arimasendeshita ne
		   oh right, oh right, it wasn't a chair...

"  X     wa     Y    desu "  - the pattern to identify things.
" ka? "                            - the sentence ending "particle" to make the sentence into a question.
" Hontou ni? "		  - an expression meaning "is it true?" "is it really?" etc.
  hontou = true, real	          I'll explain "ni" in another lesson.  It's another particle.
" majide "		  - is another expression like hontou ni, meaning roughly the same thing.
" maji "			  - as a stem means something like "serious"
			         I'll explain the particle "de" in another lesson too.
Majide and Hontou ni are common phrases so memorize them as such.

Now the interesting part -  " isu ja nakatta yo "  - Two things happened here:

	#1. The tone was changed from formal to informal,
	#2. The sentence ending particle "yo" was used.

Why was it changed to informal?  
Well, in this example, the person just didn't want to be polite about things, perhaps he feels the 
other person isn't listening to him, or is being an ass by saying it's a chair when it obviously isn't.
If the person thought the other person seriously thought the mess on the floor used to be a chair 
he would've stayed formal, and said "isu ja arimasendeshita yo," but it depends on the situation 
and their relationship.

My two Japanese friends have just arrived.  Haha... they wanted to watch me do this.  
                                                                                        Wow man, I'm sweating now.  Haha.

To explain item #2: it's a very, very common sentence ending particle meaning something like 
"I assure you" or "I'm positive." or "I inform you"  So the person is saying that he is sure that it 
wasn't a chair.  It's used to strengthen the previous statement or point out something new.

The fourth sentence is: "souka, souka, isu ja arimasendeshita ne."             ( souka = I see / oh )
We also have the sentence ending particle "ne" - It's used for agreeing, casual exclamation, or 
indicating the speaker's request for confirmation or agreement about some shared knowledge 
with the listener. It means something like "isn't it." "..right?" "don't you?" "you know". 

Let's do more examples with "yo" and "ne," and do all the forms of " da / desu "
then we will move on to adjectives!

------------------------------------------------  [ Kono / Sono / Ano / Dono ]  -----------------------------------------------

But first, we are going to introduce something mentioned in Episode #2 of Learn Japanese Basic
In the 2nd lesson I mentioned 
	"ko-so-a-do" - kore,	sore,	are		   dore
		          this,	that,	that over there,	   which.
There is also 
		kono, sono, ano, dono

Which also are generally the same thing, but they go before nouns.  They are used with them.  
Before we always kept saying "sore wa," "kore wa" etc.  We didn't use nouns with it.

If you want to use a noun and say:  "this cat," you say "kono neko."  Here are more Example:

	sono pen
	that pen

	ano kuruma
	that car over there

	dono aisukurimu 
	which ice cream?

So it's another extension of the ko-so-a-do theme and it will come up again later.
You cannot say "kore neko."  Its grammatically incorrect, and funny as hell.
Actually, you could say "kore neko," but only in very, very informal speech (or baby speak) 
when you start dropping particles like "wa," but.. that's not important at this time.  :P
So you only use "kono, sono, ano, dono" when the item that follows is a noun.  
Likewise, you cannot say "kono wa" or "sono wa" and use a particle after it.

For example:

	kono tabemono wa dare no desu ka?
	whose food is this?
		tabemono = food

An informal version of the sentence would be, 

	kono tabemono wa dare no?

You cut out the "desu ka"
"no" at the end of a sentence can be formed into a question statement with rising intonation.
The pattern of using "no" at the end of a sentence to make it a question is slightly soft and
feminine.  However, in the previous question the "no" had a grammatical purpose and isn't so.

	a, sore wa Dunce no sakana de sore mo Dunce no desu.
	oh, that's Dunce's fish and that's Dunce's too!
		sore wa Dunce no sakana = that's Dunce's fish
		sore mo Dunce no desu = that's Dunce's too!
		sore mo = that is also
		de = and       ( de - Is another particle )

We'll discuss de more later because it has many functions.  For now, you can think of it as a
contraction of "desu" used to combine two full sentences.
"mo" is a particle that was described in video #2 to mean "also." or "too" and replaces "wa".

So that sentence means "oh, that is Dunce's fish and that is his too"
You don't need to repeat the name "Dunce," nor the word "fish" in the translation for it to make 
sense (In japanese, a lot of times they prefer to use names over personal pronouns such as 
he/she), and the word "fish" wasn't even said in the second part of the sentence. Remember that,
 
	desu = it / he / she / they   is / are

Now we have an array of particles to play with :P  We have 
	wa, de, mo, ne, yo, ka
yay!

-------------------------------------------------  [ The Particle Yo and Ne ]  -------------------------------------------------  

I promised to explain "yo" and "ne" more and to do adjectives. So.. I will keep going beyond the 
one hour mark.  The choice is up to you, if you want to stay.  :)

Let's hit some examples:

	kore wa jisho desu
	this is a dictionary

	kore mo jisho desu yo
	this is a dictionary too, I inform you/I assure you

	sou desu ne, sore mo jisho desu ne! 
	That's right, that's a dictionary too, isn't it?

	are wa?
	what about that over there?

	are wa shimbun desu yo
	thats a newspaper, I inform you

(in translation there isn't a better way to translate "yo" most times, obviously we aren't going to 
translate every sentence that ends in "yo" as "I assure you, or I inform you" just get used to the 
tone that "yo" represents in the sentence.. it either is forceful in assurance or presents new 
information). It depends on the situation.

	are wa shimbun desu yo
	that's a newspaper, I inform you.

	are mo shimbun dayo
	that over there is a newspaper too, I'm telling you.

There is the "dayo" you've heard countless times, if you watch anime that is.  Not to be confused 
with "dattebayo" which actually has a meaning too.

	kono daigaku wa nan desu ka?		( formal )
	kono daigaku wa nani?			( informal )
	what is this college?

	sono daigaku wa Tokyo Keizai Daigaku dane
	Isn't that college Tokyo economics university?
   or   	That college is Tokyo economics university, right?

dane is a combination of "da" + "ne"
dayone = "da" + "yo" + "ne"
dayone is more feminine actually.

-------------------------------------------------  [ Adjectives Intro ]  ------------------------------------------------- 

	kono sensei wa tsumaranai desu ne
	this teacher is boring, isn't he?
		tsumaranai = boring

It's our first adjective.  There are two types of adjectives in Japanese:

	1. " i "       adjectives
	2. " na "    adjectives

All " i " adjectives end in " i," as with tsumaranai.  Other " i " adjectives include:

	oishii 		- tasty
	subarashii 	- wonderful
	ookii 		- big
	chiisai 		- small
	ookii desu 	- it's big or he's big, she's big etc.
	ookii desu ne 	- it's big, isn't it? or yah it's big!

"ne" can be kind of like a question, "don't you agree?" or "isn't it?"  "ne" can also be more like 
"i agree," as in "sou da ne" - that's right.

	chiisai desu ne! - it's small, isn't it?!

Adjectives go BEFORE nouns they describe:

	tsumaranai sensei 	 - boring teacher
	oishii sushi		 - tasty sushi

Or Adjectives can act as the verbal of the sentence:

	kono sushi wa oishii da yo/desu yo                   
	this sushi is tasty, I assure you                        

	kono sushi wa oishii da ne/desu ne
	this sushi is good, isn't it?

You would use "kono sushi wa oishii da yo" in a situation where the other person hasn't tried it 
and you want them to try it, so you reaffirm that it is indeed good tasting, and you assure them 
it is by using "yo."  It could also be "desu yo" to be more formal.

You would use "kono sushi wa oishii da ne" when the person has finally started to eat the sushi 
and you want them to concur with you that the sushi does indeed taste good. Just saying "oishii 
da ne" would be more natural japanese because you already know the topic. It could also be
"desu ne" to be more formal.

In these sentences you have to remember what "wa" does."wa" tells you that what comes before it
is the topic of the sentence and what comes after it gets emphasized.  This is because the topic
of a sentence is what everything else in the sentence is talking about!! Remember in lesson 1 and
2 where i said "wa" = "as for".  Let me re-translate the sentences for you.

kono sushi wa oishii da yo. = as for this sushi (as opposed to other sushi), its good, i assure you.

Oishii is describing "sushi" as in the topic sushi.  Oishii is in fact acting as the verbal of the 
sentence and "desu" is not even needed to be grammatical. 

So there are two patterns generally used to describe nouns with adjectives:
A) as the verbal of the sentence, with the noun as the topic or subject (I didnt explain subjects yet) 

	X wa adj (desu)	=  X is adj

B) before the noun, which it modifies directly.

	adj X                 = X which is adj

Here are the formality grades for "i" adjectives.

	oishii desu	<-- formal
	oishii da	<-- less formal
	oishii		<-- even less formal            

	oishiiiiii yo! 	- its gooooooood yo!  :P

I like how "yo" can kind of mean the same thing in English sometimes.

-------------------------------------------------  [ Adjective Conjugations ]  ------------------------------------------------- 

Adjectives also have 4 conjugations, just like verbs:

	affirmative and negative   present / future
	affirmative and negative   past

I will just show the affirmative past and th Conjugations ]  ------------------------------------------------- 

Adjectives also have 4 conjugations, just like verbs:

	affirmative and negative   present / future
	affirmative and negative   past

I will just show the affirmative past and then we will call it a night. 
The affirmative past of oishii is oishikatta. Here is a clear example: 

Before the conjugation (affirmative present/future):
				oishii
After    the conjugation:
				oishikatta desu		- formal 
		OR		oishikatta		- informal

You dropped the ending " i " and exchange it with " katta ."

	sono steeki wa oishikatta yo
	that steak was good yo!

One thing I want to point out is that you DO NOT need to conjugate the da / desu.  
You cannot say "oishikatta deshita."  Neither do you say "oishii deshita."  
You say oishikatta.  :P

Wrap up adjective examples:

	ano biru wa takai desu ne
	That building over there is tall, isn't it?
		biru = building
		takai = tall  or  expensive

The context tells you what the meaning would be. Normally, one would not say that a building is 
expensive, we'd say that the building looks expensive, which is said a different way in Japanese. 
I'm generalizing, but japanese don't confuse the two meanings of takai very often.

	kono hito wa yasashii desu
	this person is kind
		hito = person
		yasashii = kind, gentle, easy

	yasashii hito wa ii desu ne?
	kind people are great, aren't they?
		ii - good/great

"ii" is an adjective too, a special one.  We will talk about it more next time.
I chose yasashii and takai because they have double meanings, which can be confusing.  
Japanese is very, very contextual.

	yasashii hito wa ii desu ne?
	easy people are good, aren't they?

Haha.  It almost definitely will not mean that.  :)

So, you may hear yasashii - easy, but in most situations it means "kind," when talking about 
"people" that is.    hito - person/people

It doesn't just mean one 1 person necessarily.  Japanese most of the time doesn't differentiate 
between plural/singular.  It can if you want it to, but it doesn't have to.  You could say 
hito-tachi - people to be more specific. But again, depending on the context, you might not need to.

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So I'll end it here. Sorry about the long class, and slowness.  Don't forget to re-read the log 
when it's published

 ______________
 ||  Homework  ||
--------------------------

1. Watch part 3 of the learn Japanese video ( Japanese Basic 1 - 03 - There's A Cat )

2. Read lesson 3 in the workbook and go here and learn to read and write 10 more hiragana
    http://www.japanese-name-translation.com/site/hiragana_symbols.html
	ta, chi, tsu, te, to, and na, ni, nu, ne, no.

3. Practice the other 15 hiragana from 2nd lesson.

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Student list :
~~~~~~~~~~

ami		Kazekage		Progeny		TuncaCeleste 
[oishikatta] 	Kieron 			rane 			Vanilla_icemarle 
Aouenche 	Konowal		Renato_kun 		Vincent-MX
att		Kowai` 			S4RG3 			Willy 
autark		kun_eu 			sakurakessho		xenokite 
BraiN 		kurando 		sdelacruz 		Xistance 
Conspera 	Liminosse		Sensored3 		yidaki
Crache 		L_FRoST 		ShadowofShinobi 	z81
cryptic		mangatron 		Shalen			
Cyprus6852 	MewIchigo		St34l 			
divStar 		Neko-Musume		Takeya 			
dude^2		Nem-siS		teddybeRa 		
ehhhhh		O_Chronos		ThePuff			
Hectic3  	PaNDeR 		The_Paper 		

Thanks for staying back! Do your homework!! See you next weeeeek!!    ~~kekekekeke

Editors – Candrodor, Vincent-MX, kekekekeke
This is Version 3.0

Vincent-MX Bonus: Behind the scene:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ThePuff		: I had a question, in the third video it gives this example: Q: Kagi ga arimasu ka 
		   A: iie, kagi wa arimasen                 why is wa used in the answer?
kekekekeke	: wa is used in the example for "contrast" purposes meaing there aren't any keys, 
		   but there could be something else there.

AmiXion		: which - dare or dore?
Kowai`		: dare is who
		  dore means that it's a question about "kore, sore, are"

Crache		: anybody know why you have to use ha instead of wa, for like watashi wa, kore 
		  wa, etc. for the romaji/kanji? this is more of a romaji issue than kanji
		  I wonder if the correct romaji IS watashi wa, but if you're using transitional 
		  romaji (for kanji) then it's different ha is based in hiragana so wa is the correct 
		  pronunciation but ha is the reference to wa in hiragana
Progeny	: "based in hiragana"?
		  "reference to wa"?
Crache		: but in hiragana, there are specific characters for specific sounds, just like the 
		  english alphabet I think. however, the characters for "wa" in hiragana aren't the 
		  same as in english, obviously but somehow it comes out as "ha" it sounds like 
		  wa, but in english characters it's ha I thought transitional romaji was all phonetic, 
		  so wa would work, but I thought wrong, so apparently sometimes in transitional 
		  romaji you have to use the hiragana romaji or whatever for it to work

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		We, the staff at #LearnJapanese would like to wish you ALL

		     MERRY CHRISTMAS !    and a   HAPPY NEW YEAR 2006 !
		     MERI KURISUMASU !	     AKEMASHITE OMEDETOU !

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=======================================================================
This 3rd lesson by kekekekeke was re-edited by      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    Vincent-MX  V3.0  
=======================================================================
Thanks to " Candrodor " for a nice clean log.

This Document is BEST viewed in Wordpad instead of Microsoft Word ^_^;
       because wordpad doesn't have red spell check underlining.